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1893
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1896
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1904
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1905
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1912 - 1913
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1923
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1920 - 1924
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1927 - 1929
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1929
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La Donzella de la Costa
Durant la segona meitat del segle XIX una nova forma d’oci a la vora del mar es comença a popularitzar a la costa catalana: els banys de platja. La Donzella de la Costa, fundada l’any 1929 a Badalona, n’és un viu exemple. Fins llavors, llevat d’algunes excepcions, la costa era un indret associat a altres activitats, com la pesca o el comerç i inclús evitat per la burgesia i les classes més altes, les quals es resguardaven de l’exposició solar que pogués bronzejar les seves pells. L’any 1845, la Reina Maria Cristina rep el consell de portar a la seva filla, Isabel II, que patia d’una malaltia de la pell, a fer “banys de mar”. Progressivament, el mar es popularitzarà per les seves qualitats curatives i, sumat a la proliferació de clubs esportius relacionats amb la natació i els esports d’aigua, la població s’apropia del mar, convertint-lo en un espai nou de reunió, de joc, d’esport i de gaudi. Les primeres formalitzacions arquitectòniques d’aquest fenomen són de caràcter molt efímer, començant per casetes de tela o de fusta que s’havien de muntar i desmuntar cada estiu, com és el cas dels primers anys dels banys de la Donzella, fundats pel pescador Joaquim Blanch. De fet, segurament no és casualitat que les primeres construccions més permanents que s’originen en aquests clubs siguin casetes que recorden a les utilitzades pels pescadors per a emmagatzematge. El cas de la Donzella, com moltes altres d’aquestes construccions, és difícil d’encaixar en un estil arquitectònic concret. Són construccions informals que, tot i seguir certes lògiques, han anat transformant-se al llarg dels anys. De totes maneres, es pot diferenciar la façana dissenyada als anys seixanta, de formes rectes i simples, del laberint de casetes interior, ja existent des dels anys quaranta. Pel que fa a la façana, aquesta consta d’un cos central més alt i dos inferiors a cada costat. El central correspon una zona àmplia i comuna en planta baixa i un restaurant en planta primera, i combina un acabat blanc amb zones de fàbrica de maó vist i un sòcol d’aplacat de pedra en la planta baixa, on s’ubica l’entrada als banys. Els cossos dels costats, d’una altura més reduïda, amaguen rere seu el laberint de casetes, simètric a ambdues bandes, i en façana es combina un acabat blanc amb rajoles de tons marronosos i verdosos. S’accedeix, baixant unes escales, a la caseta de claus i, seguidament, a un espai més ampli que divideix les dues zones —simètriques— de casetes a banda i banda. L’àrea de casetes es conforma de diversos passadissos successius i laberíntics, on es repeteix una vegada darrere l’altra la mateixa tipologia: una construcció de parets d’obra arrebossades amb un acabat blanc, amb portes de fusta pintades de blau i coberta a dues aigües, també blanca. -
1935
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1941
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1940 - 1943
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1943 - 1945
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1950
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El Prat Royal Golf Club Service Pavilion
José Antonio Coderch de Sentmenat, Robert Terradas i Via, Manuel Valls i Vergés
The pavilion turns its back to the golf course and faces southwest, forming a body with two wings that house two distinct groups of functions. A main transparent area is accessed through the axis of the two wings towards the opposite façade, where the lounges, bar and dining room are located. On the north side there is the service staff wing, with its own courtyard, which contains all the openings. On the south side there is the second wing, which houses the offices and changing rooms. The pavilion responds to the landscape qualities of a golf course by means of a single-storey construction, glazed from floor to ceiling on a large part of the façade, and unified by a large flat roof that forms an overhang on most of its perimeter. This creates areas directly related to the exterior and well delimited below the treetops.1954
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Municipal Sports Stadium
Lorenzo García-Barbón Fernández de Henestrosa, Josep Maria Soteras i Mauri
Barcelona’s Municipal Sport Stadium is located in the lowest part of the Montjuïc mountain, on a site that had been occupied by one of the 1929 International Exposition’s palaces. It was opened in 1955 to host the II Mediterranean Games and has capacity for any type of indoor sport. It was the only sports centre in Barcelona until FC Barcelona opened the Palau Blaugrana in 1971. The building basically consists of a 65-metre span roof that covers the stands and the sports court. The roof is a vault that is made up of nine reinforced concrete arches with three joints, they are built in situ and have a height of 24 metres from their start at the level of the corridor that separates the two rings of stands. These arches are left visible on the outside and are highlighted by covering the other elements with stone cladding. Inside, only the nerves have been left visible, covering the ceilings with a wooden lath that provides a good finish and serves as an acoustic absorber. The accesses to the building are produced through the flat façades, below two rectangular frames with giant vertical concrete slats that filter the lighting.1953 - 1955
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1955
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Expansion and Refurbishment of the R.C.D. Espanyol's Sarrià Stadium
The Sarrià Road Sports Field, owned by the Real Club Deportivo Espanyol of Barcelona, with a legal capacity of around 15,000 spectators, was insufficient to comfortably contain the large number of people who wanted to witness the football competitions that were held there. Therefore, for a long time, the expansion of the grandstand stands had become essential. In the alignments of the sector approved by the City Council on November 30, 1953, the possibility of permanence and expansion of Sarrià Road Sports Field was foreseen so that a legal capacity of around 35,000 spectators would be possible, leaving the venue of the Sports Field surrounded in almost all its perimeter by streets. At the request of the Board, a general preliminary project was drawn up that would allow the development of the works in various successive phases and in accordance with the economic possibilities of the club. The first phase corresponds to the expansion of the main grandstand, which is the object of the current project. DESCRIPTION - The works essentially consist of adding a cantilevered upper grandstand over the existing one, removing the current metallic structure canopy and extending the depth of the stands by 12 metres. The transversal profiles have been carefully studied to obtain perfect visibility for all spectators, both in the numbered seats and in the standing seats. The stands are divided into a high stand, a low stand and the general stands. The lower tribune comprises the lower section of 6 rows of uncovered numbered seats, while the upper section with 12 rows of covered seats is called the tribune, in which the presidential tribune and the authorities' market are located, flanked by its front and sides by 21 boxes that also extend behind the seats in the main tribune, forming boxes with 6 and 8 seats. For the access of these towns, the following vomitorium and stairs have been planned: 6 2-metre vomitorium and 2 3-metre staircases, 18 metres in total. The lower and main stands are separated by a 1.20-metre-wide corridor, into which the vomitorium open, and in a transversal direction by 1-metre-wide stairs, separated at a maximum distance of 12 m. The terraces of the stands are 80 cm wide, of which 40 are for numbered seats and the rest for passage. The width of the seats will be 0.50 m per viewer. The high tribune also includes two different sections: the upper tribune and the stands, which in turn are subdivided into lower and upper. The upper grandstand will consist of 6 rows of uncovered numbered seats and forms a cantilever over the main grandstand, 9.50 metres. The stands are made up of two sections of 8 and 14 rows of unnumbered standing seats. For the service of these localities, the following vomitorium and stairs are projected: upper tribune, 8 2 m. stands, 10 vomitorium of 2 m. In the upper tribune there is a distribution corridor 1 m wide, and in the stands another central aisle of 1m after the 8th row and another top 2 m after the second flight of stands. The seating locations are calculated to be 0.60x0.50m wide and leaving stairs of 1 m, with a maximum separation of 11 m. STRUCTURE. - The structure of the new grandstand is projected in reinforced concrete, forming porticos with two sections and a 9.50 m cantilever, attaching the new structure to the existing porticos of the current one, leaving an expansion joint between them, so that they are totally independent. The separation between porticos is 7 m of the line of the façade structure and radially converging according to the curvature of the current grandstand. The porticoes are locked by transversal girders and by the ceiling slabs of the floors and mezzanines described. The structure is projected by slabs of reticulated reinforced concrete, the stands being formed by ribs of reinforced concrete and slabs of the same material that complete the bracing of the porticos. The entire structure has been meticulously calculated for overloads of 500 kg per square metre. To avoid the cracks produced by the hardening retractions, two expansion joints have been planned in a transverse direction, coinciding with those currently existing in the current lower stand.1956
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Camp Nou
Lorenzo García-Barbón Fernández de Henestrosa, Francesc Mitjans Miró, Josep Maria Soteras i Mauri
The project responds to the need to accommodate a growing number of spectators for a football club that is constantly growing and with a greater social projection. The design criteria were based on a critical analysis of the world's major football stadiums. The playing field is below street level, so the ascent to the highest ranks is not so exaggerated. The stands follow a course of four lowered curves in order to guarantee the maximum proximity of the spectators to the field of play. In section, the stadium is organised in three overlapping tiers, to make the most of the vertical occupancy. The first tier rests directly on the ground. The second tier houses the grandstand seats and the most favoured seats, which are the only covered ones. The third tier houses the general seats and grows in height on the side opposite the grandstand. The evacuation is organised by the combination of numerous vertical circulation cores connected by uninterrupted walkways. The Camp Nou applies rationality criteria to the program of a high-capacity stadium, where the spectators are the real protagonists.1954 - 1957
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20th century
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second half of the 20th century